HIST 215 Women in US History (Marshman)

HIST& 215 critically examines historical fashion and ideals of beauty as reflections of contemporary events. This guide will help you complete your History of Dress Research Paper.

Citing an image

Just as you would always provide in-text citation information for copied text, you must for images and photographs!

According to the MLA Handbook, images within a research paper "should be labeled Figure (usually abbreviated Fig.), assigned an arabic numeral, and given a caption."

Example:

image of a shoe

 Fig 1. Northampton Museums. Shoe: Platform Sandal. Sept. 30, 2009. Northampton, UK. Northampton Museum's Photostream, Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/northampton_museum/albums/72157637842962863. Accessed Jan 2012.  

In your Works Cited, you'll want to include as much of the information below as you can find:

  • Artist’s name or username, surname first
  • Title of the work, in italics
  • Date of creation
  • Institution or city in in which the work is located
  • Website or database, in italics
  • URL if the image may not persist
  • Date of access

The citation will typically look like this:

Artist or user name.  Title.  Date the image was created.  Museum, City.  Database name or title of site.  URL Date of access.

Images and copyright

Images and Fair Use

Images are intellectual property, too, and you need to give credit for them as you would textual information. Here are things to keep in mind when using images downloaded from the internet:
  • Always credit the source of your images.
  • Find out if the owner/creator of an image states how their image can be used, if possible.
  • Whenever possible, ask the copyright holder for permission and keep a record of this correspondence.
Under fair use guidelines, you may... 
  • Use images in course assignments such as a term paper, thesis or poster as per their degree fulfillment requirements.
  • Publicly display images incorporated in academic work when association with courses in which they are enrolled.
  • Retain work in personal portfolios for use in graduate school or employment applications, for example.
And you may not...
  • Publish images in any work in analog or digital form that do not have proper copyright clearance. When in doubt, consult the Four Factors of Fair Use.

Information above used with permission from the Colgate Visual Resources Library

Giving credit

Thanks to Sarah Christensen, Visual Resources Curator at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana and Jesse Hendersen, Visual Resources Curator at Colgate University, for graciously allowing me to copy text and other information from their library web pages.

Learn more from their sites:

Flickr Commons

Using Flickr Commons

image from the Flickr Commons website

"The key goals of The Commons on Flickr are to firstly show you hidden treasures in the world's public photography archives, and secondly to show how your input and knowledge can help make these collections even richer."

Google images

 Screenshot of Google Images' logoGoogle Images is a great tool to see the work of many photographers. For your presentations, however, the images may not be high enough resolution to project well. It's possible to find useful images with introductory information, and you can even use the advanced settings to limit to works that are in the public domain

New York Public Library: Digital collections

NYPL digital collections

The New York Public Library has a great digital collection of photographs, fashion plates, and memorabiia. It's not exhaustive, but there are some interesting historic images in here. You can search or browse the collection.

Wikimedia Commons

Wikimedia Commons Images

wikimedia logo

Wikimedia Commons contains, according to the site, a collection of over 58 million freely usable media files to which anyone can contribute."Files include images, audio, video, animations, maps, and other multimedia. Users can choose from multiple images sizes when downloading, and each image is often accompanied by information about the work depicted as well as copyright information.


Image Source: "PNG logo with text" by Wikimedia Foundation is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0