Research Guide: Citations

Websites, Email..etc. - MLA

Websites and Electronic Communication

 

Websites

"Cher." Biography.com. A&E Television, 2008. www.biography.com/people/cher-9246148​ 7 Feb. 2009. 

Peace, Richard. “Fathers and Children: Understanding Nature.” The Novels of Turgenev: Symbols and Emblems.  U of Bristol P, 20 July 2002. www.brisolpress=lsi.org/node/62516. Accessed 5 May 2005.

Websites – online government publications

United States Department of Justice. "Trends in Violent Victimization by Age, 1973-2005." Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice, 10 Sept. 2006. Accessed 24 Sept. 2016. 

E-mails and discussion lists

​Woodward, Julian. “Newborn FAQs.” Received by Michelle Roberts, 28 Mar. 2008.

Stein, Cindy. “Chessie Rescue - Annapolis MD." Received by Chessie-L listserv, 16 May 1997.

The following citation is an article, with no author, from a website.

"Cher." Biography.com. A&E Television, 2008. www.biography.com/people/cher-9246148 7 Feb. 2009.  

This table shows how the elements of this citation look within the MLA formula template.

MLA Works Cited Citations Formula Example
Author.  

Title of Source.

"Cher."
Title of Container, Biography.com.
Contributors,  
Version,  
Number,  
Publisher, A&E Television,
Publication date, 2008,
Location.

www.biography.com/people/

cher-9246148.

Additional Container
Title of Container,  
Contributors,  
Version,  
Number,  
Publisher,  
Publication date,  
Location  
Access date. 7 Feb. 2020.

Online Audio-Visual Materials - MLA

Online Audio Visual Sources

 

Radio and TV episodes/segments from Library Databases:

"Beyond Vick: Animal Cruelty for Sport." Morning Edition, NPR, 8 Aug. 2007. Academic OneFile, search.proquest.com/docview/189 828779?accountid=1558. Accessed 5 May 2008. 

Radio and TV episodes/segments from websites:

"Federal Prosecutors Eye MySpace Bullying Case." All Things Considered, NPR, 14 Jan. 2008. www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18121662. Accessed 15 Jan. 2008.

Films and film clips on the web:

"The Landlord." Funny or Die, 2007, www.funnyordie.com/videos/74/the-landlord-from-will-ferrell-and-adam-ghost-panther-mckay ?_cc=__d___&_ccid=4fab531c-3e90-49f0-a9e2-1ddc91844d1e. Accessed 15 Jan. 2008. 

Lectures, speeches, addresses, readings, and other web video presentations:

Bittman, Mark. "What’s Wrong with What We Eat." TEDTalks, TED Conferences, Dec.2007, www.ted.com/talks/mark_bittman_on_ what_s_wrong_with_what_we_eat?language=en. Accessed 18 May 2009. Speech. 

Artwork from Library Databases:

Clark, Larry. Man with Baby. Circa 1960. ARTstor, library.artstor.org.greenriver.idm.oclc.org/library/secure/ViewImages?id=8D1Efjk2M
jY5MTs4YVN7R3IgW38vfA%3D%3D&userId=gjtOdDop&zoomparams=. Accessed 15 Jan. 2008. 

Artwork from the web:

Close, Chuck. Ronald. 2002. The Museum of Modern Art, www.moma.org/collection/works/108890?locale=en. Accessed 23 Sept. 2016. 

Adams, Ansel. Catherine Natsuko Yamaguchi, Nurse. 1943. Library of Congress,loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppprs.00047/. Accessed 23 Sept. 2016. 

Photograph from the web:

Viewing the Unfortunates at the Morgue. 2005. The Triangle Factory File, Cornell University, trianglefire.ilr.cornell.edu/primary/photosIllustrations/slideshow.html?image_id=757&sec_id=3#screen. Accessed 23 Sept. 2016. 

Electronic Articles from Library Databases - MLA

Articles from Library Databases

 

Article from a database:

Cooper, Mary H. "America's Pampered Pets." CQ Researcher, vol. 6, no. 48, 27 Dec. 1996, pp. 1129-52. CQ Researcher Online, library.cqpress.com.ezproxy.greenriver.edu/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqres. Accessed 6 Nov. 2000.

Journal article from a database:

Doyle, Christine. "Louisa May Alcott: New Texts and Contexts." Children's Literature. vol.27, 1999, pp. 211-17. ProQuest. search.proquest.com/docview/195572106?accountid=1558. Accessed 15 Sep. 2016.

Journal article from a database with a doi:

DeMaria, Anthony N. "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid." Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 42, no. 2, 2003, pp. 373-74. ProQuest Periodicals, https://doi.og/10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00800-3. Accessed 15 Sept. 2016. 

Journal article with two authors:

Bishop, Kay, and Melanie A. Kimball. "Engaging Students in Storytelling." Teacher Librarian, vol. 33, no. 4, 2006, pp. 28-31. Academic OneFile, ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20502611&site=ehost-live&scope=site. Accessed 20 Oct. 2003.

Journal article with three or more authors:

Brinkworth, Grant D., et al. "Long-Term Effects of a very-Low-Carbohydrate Weight Loss Diet Compared with an Isocaloric Low-Fat Diet After 12 Mo."  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 90. no. 1, 2009,p.23.ProQuest Research Library, ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/231940252?accountid=1558 Accessed 15 Sep. 2016.

*for 3 or more authors, just list the first author (last, first), followed by et. al. as shown here.

Journal article with no author:

Anonymous. "Estate Planning for Fido and Fluffy" Journal of Financial Planning, vol. 20, no. 11, Nov. 2007, p. 14. ProQuest Research Library, ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/217550151?accountid=1558. Accessed 15 Jan. 2008.

Newspaper article:

Berthelsen, Christian. "Mattel Sues Publisher Over Barbie Essays." New York Times, late ed., 6 Dec. 1999, sec. C, p. 18. ProQuest Periodicals, ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/431324106?accountid=1558. Accessed 4 June 2013.

Magazine article:

Fowler, Paige. "The Imperfect Man's Guide To Perfect Health." Men's Health, vol.30, no. 10, Dec. 2015, pp. 70-72. Academic Search Complete, ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11067671
8&site=ehost-live&scope=site. Accessed 15 Sept. 2016. 

Original Content in a Database:

"Nursing Assistants - Duties." Career Planner, SchoolData. Accessed 20 Nov. 2020.

The following citation is for an article, a report, located within the database CQ Researcher.

Cooper, Mary H. "America's Pampered Pets." CQ Researcher, vol. 6, no. 48, 27 Dec. 1996, pp. 1129-52. CQ Researcher Online, library.cqpress.com.ezproxy.gree
nriver.edu/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqres. Accessed 6 Nov. 2020.

This table shows how the elements of this citation look within the MLA formula template.

MLA Works Cited Citations Formula Example
Author, Cooper, Mary H.
Title of Source. America's Pampered Pets.
Title of Container, CQ Researcher
Contributors,  
Version,  
Number, vol. 6, no. 48
Publisher, CQ Researcher Online
Publication date, 27 Dec. 1996
Location. pp. 1129-52
Additional Container
Title of Container,  
Contributors,  
Version,  
Number,   
Publisher,  
Publication date,  
Location.

ezproxy.greenriver.edu:

2048/login?url=http://library.

cqpress.com.ezproxy.

greenriver.edu/

cqresearcher/cqresrre

1996122700

Access date. Accessed 6 Nov. 2020.

The following citation is for journal article, with two authors, located in a database.

Bishop, Kay, and Melanie A. Kimball. "Engaging Students in Storytelling." Teacher Librarian, vol. 33, no. 4, 2006, pp. 28-31. Academic OneFile, ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20502611&site=ehost-live&scope=site. Accessed 20 Oct. 2003.

This table shows how the elements of this citation look within the MLA formula template.

MLA Works Cited Citations Formula Example
Author. Bishop, Kay, and Melanie A. Kimball.
Title of Source. "Engaging Students in Storytelling." 
Title of Container, Teacher Librarian
Contributors,  
Version,  
Number, vol. 33, no. 4,
Publisher,  
Publication date, 2006
Location. 28-31.
Additional Container
Title of Container, Academic OneFile,
Contributors,  
Version,  
Number,  
Publisher,  
Publication date,  
Location.

ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?

url=http://search.ebscohost.

com/login.aspx?direct=true&db

=aph&AN=20502611&site=

ehost-live&scope=site.

Access date. 20 Oct. 2020

 

Electronic Books - MLA

Electronic (Digital) Books

 

eBooks from Library Databases:

Dzau, Victor J. and Mark A. Creager. "Chapter 231: Diseases of the Aorta." Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, McGraw-Hill, 1999.  Access Medicine. ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=109831540&site=ehost-live&scope=site. Accessed 7 Sept. 2006.

Kaplan, Temma. "Human Rights for Women Are Receiving Greater Attention." Human Rights, editerd by Laura K. Egendorf. Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&ccd=c8h&AN=107894466540&site=ehost-live&scope=t. Accessed 6 Nov. 2006.

"Narcissistic Personality Disorder." Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, APA, 2000. STAT!Ref. Teton Data Systems, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117803135&site=ehost-live&scope=site. Accessed 24 Sept. 2016. 

"Prairie Oysters." Rawson's Dictionary of Euphemisms and Other Doubletalk, Hugh Rawson, 2002. Credo Reference,ezproxy.greenriver.edu/login?qurl=http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/rawdeo/prarie_oy
sters/0. Accessed 24 Sep 2016.

Price, Joanna. "Bret Easton Ellis: Overview." Contemporary Novelists, 6th edition, edited by Susan Windisch Brown, St. James Press, 1996. Literature Resource Center. galegroup.com.ezproxy.greenriver.edu/ic/bic1/MagazinesDetailsPage/MagazinesDetails
​Window?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=Magazines&currPage=&scanId=&query. Accessed 7 Jan. 2008.

The following citation is for a chapter within an electronic book.

Clark, Beverly Lyon. "Waxing Nostalgic, 1900-1930." The Afterlife of ‘Little Women’, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013, pp. 43-101 Ebrary, www.site.ebrary.com.greenri
ver.edu. Accessed 13 Sept. 2016. 

This table shows how the elements of this citation look within the MLA formula template.

MLA Works Cited Citations Formula Example
Author. Clark, Beverly Lyon.
Title of Source. "Waxing Nostalgic, 1900-1930."
Title of Container, The Afterlife of ‘Little Women’,
Contributors,  
Version,  
Number,  
Publisher, Johns Hopkins University Press,
Publication date, 2013,
Location. pp. 43-101.
Additional Container
Title of Container, Ebrary,
Contributors,  
Version,  
Number,  
Publisher,  
Publication date,  
Location, www.site.ebrary.com.greenri
ver.edu.
Access date. Accessed 13 Sept. 2016.

**Note the use of two containers. The source is the book chapter. The first container is the larger source (the book title), and the second container is the database in which this book was accessed digitally (database name).

Artificial Intelligence Tools - MLA

There are not yet official MLA Guidelines on how to cite artificial intelligence-created-sources.(AI)

However the MLA Style Team is working on ways to address citing these types of tools. Below are their suggestions from the blog How Do I Cite Generative AI in MLA Style? which follows the Basic Formula For MLA Works Cited Citations .  These guidelines may change. When they do, they will be updated here.

The following citation is for ChatGPT

“What are the barriers that undocumented students face in higher education?” prompt. ChatGPT, 21 Jun. version, OpenAI, 21 Jun. 2023, chat.openai.com/chat. 

This table shows how the elements of this citation look within the MLA formula template.

MLA Works Cited Citations Formula Example
Author. {{note that MLA style does not recommend treating an AI tool as an author}}

Title of Source.

“What are the barriers that undocumented students face in higher education?” prompt.
Title of Container, ChatGPT,
Contributors,  
Version, 21 Jun. version,
Number,  
Publisher, OpenAI,
Publication date, 21 Jun. 2023,
Location.

chat.openai.com/chat.
{{note: add a unique URL to the conversation if available.  If not, use the URL of the AI tool}}

MLA Works In-Text Citation Example for the full citation above

MLA Formula for In-Text Citation with no author and no page number:

("Shortened Title").

 

Example

("What are the Barriers).

In-Text and Paraphrase and In-Text Quote

Note:

  • To introduce your in-text paraphrase or quote, refer to the prompt you used in the AI tool

Example:

When asked what barriers undocumented students face in higher education, ChatGPT indicated not only financial barriers like lack of access to financial aid and difficulty finding employment, but also isolation and fear deportation that add even more stress to their college experience ("What are the Barriers)..

There are not yet official MLA Guidelines on how to cite artificial intelligence-created-sources.(AI)

However the MLA Style Team is working on ways to address citing these types of tools. Below are their suggestions from the blog How Do I Cite Generative AI in MLA Style? which follows the Basic Formula For MLA Works Cited Citations .  These guidelines may change. When they do, they will be updated here.

  • For images generated by AI, follow the same citation formula for text generated by AI.
  • If you include the full citation below the image and the image is not cited elsewhere in the essay or presentation, you do not need to include the full citation in the Works Cited page.
  • Below the image include: Fig. 1

Example:

 

Fig. 1. "Create a graphic-novel-style image of an anteater playing a guitar while balancing on a ball," prompt. DALL-E, version 2, OpenAI, 18 Apr. 2023, labs.openai.com.

Basic Formula For MLA Works Cited Citations (9th Edition)

Basic Formula For MLA Works Cited Citations


Include as much of the following as possible:
Author. Title of SourceTitle of Container, Contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Date, Location. Date Accessed.

Part of the Formula Examples and Explanation
Author. •    one author: Last Name, rest of name as presented in the source. (example: Williams, Fred Laurence.)
•    two authors: reverse name of first author followed by a comma, then second author’s first name and then last name. (example: Cordell, Barbara, and Jane Buckle.)
•    more than two authors: reverse the name of the first author, follow with a comma and et al.  (example: Browne, Charlene, et al.)
Title of Source. • Put name of source in italics.
• HOWEVER, if citing an article or only part of the source, instead put that title in quotation marks with no italics: “Article Name.”

Title of Container,

• When the source is part of a larger whole, the larger whole can be thought of as a container (example: a whole book is a container for a book chapter)
• Put the title of the container in italics (if you have cited an article or part of the whole source container)
Contributors, Example: edited by,
Version, Example: 7th ed.,
Number, Any numbered sequence. Example: vol. 3, no. 7
Publisher, (however, no publisher is required for articles)
Publication date, date as given on source but following this date style: 28 Jan. 2020,
Location.

• Example of website: www.cnn.com (do not include http:// in the URL)
• Example of chapter pages in a hardcopy book: pp. 250-259.
• Example of article from database: pp. 195-212. ProQuest Research Library,
https://doi.org/10.1000/182
**if no “DOI,” include stable URL or “permalink” without the http://

 

Quick Guide - MLA

Quick Guide - MLA Citation Style

Automatic Citation Generator

NoodleTools

Access online tutorials using the links below: