Concept mapping is a great tool for helping you:
The video below demonstrates how to use concept mapping to brainstorm ideas and find a narrower focus for the starting topic of climate change.
Apply the concept of concept mapping to your starting topic!
Skim Reference, or Subject Encyclopedia, articles to gather keywords, concepts, terminology of the field, and ways to focus a big topic.
The excerpt below shows an article on Incarceration. Skimming through this article, I see that I could focus on mass incarceration, or mass incarceration and race, for example. Click on image to enlarge.