“landscape of persons who constitute the shifting world in which we live: tourists, immigrants, refugees, exiles, guestworkers, and other moving groups and persons” (Appadurai, 1990, p. 329).
“currency markets, national stock exchanges, and commodity speculations move mega-monies through national turnstiles at blinding speed” (Appadurai, 1990, p. 330).
Things relating to money, finance, and the movement of financial capital. This "-scape" may include social "class" as it relates to money ("poor," "middle class," etc.).
“Also concatenations of images, but they are often directly political and frequently have to do with the ideologies of states and the counter-ideologies of movements explicitly oriented to capturing state power or a piece of it” (Appadurai, 1990, p. 331).
Groups and identities that are tied to political "belonging," could be regional, state, national categories. Also partisan groupings (e.g. "conservative," "liberal," etc.)
“refer both to the distribution of electronic capabilities to produce and disseminate information (newspapers, magazines, television stations and film production studios) which are now available to a growing number of private and public interests throughout the world, and to the images of the world created by these media” (p. 330). “Tend to be image centered, narrative-based accounts of strips of reality" (Appadurai, 1990, p. 331).
“the global configuration, also ever fluid, of technology, and of the fact that technology, both high and low, both mechanical and informational, now moves at high speeds across various kinds of previously impervious boundaries” driven by “increasingly complex relationships between money flows, political possibilities, and the availability of both un- and highly skilled labor" (Appadurai, 1990, p. 329-330).
How technology connects us to communities and other groups and institutions (medical, workplace, academic)-- often outside of (or largely ignoring) other global boundaries (class, state borders, etc).
In the image below, the student is browsing an overview article titled "Body Image Issues and Women" from the SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender to gather multiple keywords and ideas related to major connections researchers have made between women's body image, self-esteem, eating practices (or disorders), cultural body ideals, and other concepts (the highlighted terms):
(click image to enlarge)
AND / OR / NOT help you broaden or narrow your search results:
AND narrows and focuses your search - you get fewer, more relevant results
Ex: "medical care" AND teen* finds information on medical care specific to teens
OR broadens your search - you get more results
Ex: (teens OR youth) searches for both words
NOT omits results
Ex: NOT "book reviews"
Use an asterisk with the root of a search term to find multiple forms of the word:
Teen* = teen, teenaged, teenagers (all in the same search!)
Keep searches flexible using keywords to capture core ideas.
Different search words, or using vocabulary you notice in an initial search, will lead to different results.
In databases, subjects may be headings you can use to narrow a search (as a filter option, or a link). It is also worthwhile to pay attention to useful related results or related subjects / topics suggestions -- these links can lead to useful additional results or point to specialized terms used by a field of study.
Select "Subject Terms" in Academic Search Complete (or "Thesaurus" in ProQuest, "CINAHL Subject Headings" in CINAHL - you get the idea) to search a keyword and browse relevant subject categories. You can click on a term (or its "scope note" in CINAHL) to read a definition and more about how a subject heading is used in that database.
(click on image to enlarge)
Keywords denote the core idea, concept, name, or event you want to learn about.
Ex: global warming = greenhouse emissions, carbon emissions, greenhouse effect, global warming AND environmental policy, or the Kyoto accord.
These globalization "-scapes" definitions are from:
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at Large Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
as quoted in:
Powell, J. L., & Steel, R. (2011). Revisiting Appadurai: Globalizing scapes in a global world–The pervasiveness of economic and cultural power. International Journal of Innovative Interdisciplinary Research, 1(1), 74-80.